Welded joints of rolled and welded steel I sections

INDEX

• Implemented design codes for welded joints
• Types of implemented welded connections
• Design options
• Welded connection design
• Joint consultation
• Baseplates designed using the Joints I module
• Joints report
• Joints drawings
• Other CYPECAD modules
• Other Metal 3D modules
• Related programs

Implemented design codes for welded joints

The implemented codes for the analysis and design of welded connections in CYPECAD, Metal 3D and Integrated 3D structures of CYPECAD are:

• CTE DB SE-A (Spain)
• Eurocode 3 EN 1993-1-8:2005 (General document)
• Eurocode 3 EN 1993-1-8:2005 (General document adapted to Portugal)
• Eurocode 3 NF EN 1993-1-8/NA:2007-07 (France – National application document)
• ABNT NBR 8800:2008 (Brazil)

Types of implemented welded connections

Column to beam moment connection	Column to beam moment connection with a simply connected orthogonal beam	Column to beam moment connection with two simply connected orthogonal beams
Column to beam moment connection with haunch	Column to beam moment connection with haunch and simply connected orthogonal beam	Column to beam moment connection with haunch and two simply connected orthogonal beams
Column to beam moment connection (continuous column)	Column to beam moment connection with a simply connected orthogonal beam (continuous column)	Column to beam moment connection with two simply connected orthogonal beams (continuous column)
Column to beam moment connection with haunch (continuous column)	Column to beam moment connection with haunch and simply connected orthogonal beam (continuous column)	Column to beam moment connection with haunch and two simply connected orthogonal beams (continuous column)
Column to two beam moment connection	Column to two beam moment connection with simply connected orthogonal beam	Column to two beam moment connection with two simply connected orthogonal beams
Column to two beam moment connection with haunches	Column to two beam moment connection with haunches and a simply connected orthogonal beam	Column to two beam moment connection with haunches and two simply connected orthogonal beams
Column to two beam moment connection (continuous column)	Column to two beam moment connection with simply connected orthogonal beam (continuous column)	Column to two beam moment connection with two simply connected orthogonal beams (continuous column)
Column to two beam moment connection with haunches (continuous column)	Column to two beam moment connection with haunches and a simply connected orthogonal beam (continuous column)	Column to two beam moment connection with haunches and two simply connected orthogonal beams (continuous column)
Column to beam simple connection (coplanar webs)	Column to beam simple connection (coplanar webs), and with a simply connected orthogonal beam	Column to beam simple connection (coplanar webs and continuous column)
Column to beam simple connection (coplanar webs) and with a simply connected orthogonal beam (continuous column)	Column web to beam simple connection	Column web to beam simple connection (continuous column)
Continuous beam supported by column	Ridge support for sloping beams	Column web to two beam simple connection (continuous column)
Ridge connection	Ridge connection with haunches	Beam to beam simple connection
Beam to two beam simple connection	Splice connection of continuous equal sections with plate	Tie detail
Baseplate

Design options

The design options for welded and bolted connections may be configured in the Options menu (Joints > Options). The dialogue box contains three tabs:

• Non-prestressed bolts
  Contains the design options for non-prestressed bolts (Bolt series code, Bolt steel class and Available diameters). Options selected here will only affect bolted connection design.
• Prestressed bolts
  Contains the design options for prestressed bolts (Bolt series code, Bolt steel class, Available diameters and Friction surface class). Contrary to what occurs with non-prestressed (ordinary) bolts, the bolt codes are exclusive (code recommendation). Additionally, the type of friction surface must be indicated to check the bolt for slipping. Within this dialogue, the program also defines the properties of the selected surface in accordance with the article of the selected code. Options selected here will only affect bolted connection design.
• Stiffeners
  Contains two option groups which configure the layout of the stiffeners:
• Stiffeners at haunch ends
  Contains two options which when activated force the program to always provide stiffeners, one in column to beam connections and the other in ridge connections. Affects welded connections designed with the Joints I module and bolted connections designed with the Joints II module.
• Stiffeners for beams fixed to the column web
  Activates the trimming of stiffeners for beams fixed to column webs. It only affects welded connections designed with the Joints III module (the other modules do not contemplate connections consisting of beams fixed to column webs).
  
  This option does not imply changes in the structural check but only takes into account aspects related to the aesthetics and with the number of trimming operations undertaken in the fabrication process. Upon activating the trimming option, it will be carried out if the following conditions are met:
• The smallest side of the trim has to be greater than 10mm.
• The angle formed between the inclined side of the trim and the plane perpendicular to the web has to be greater than 15 degrees.

Welded connection design

If during the analysis process of the structure, nodes are detected whose connection has been resolved in the program, they will be designed and a detail drawing of these designs will be provided.

The program will design the throat thicknesses of the welds and their lengths and will incorporate stiffeners where necessary in order to transmit the stresses in the connection.
The forces transmitted to the weld per unit length are resolved to obtain the tensile forces normal and at a tangent to the plane of the throat, supposing that the tensile forces are uniform along the weld.

When welded or bolted connections are designed, or when the structure is analysed together with the joints, the program carries out, at each node of the job, the spatial layout of the bars and its fixity conditions in such a way that, for steel bars, the dimensions of the nodes are established and generates the rigid ends in which the portions of the bars are considered to not deform due to them being contained within the node.

Joint consultation

Following the analysis, the joints that have been designed by the program can be consulted.

Metal 3D and CYPECAD place different coloured circles at the nodes to indicate whether or not all the connections of the node have been designed, if there are only a few that have been designed or if the node does not contain any designed connections.

If the cursor is brought close to a node in which there are connections that have been designed, an information window will appear indicating the types of connections designed for that node. By clicking on the node a dialogue box with three tabs is displayed containing the following information:

• The construction details of the resolved connections
• A report of the checks and take-off of the resolved connections
• Real 3D views of the connections. It is possible to visualise a 3D view of each connection designed by the program with an isometric or conical perspective. The elements making up the joint (columns, beams, stiffeners, welds) are drawn in different colours. Welds are represented in two colours to differentiate between those that are carried out in-situ and those that are factory welds. The user may also freely rotate and amplify the 3D view. These characteristics greatly help the user to understand the assembly of the joint. The 3D view of the joints can be visualised by selecting the 3D view tab that appears in the bottom part of the window that is activated upon consulting the joint.

If the cursor is brought close to a node in which there are no designed connections, but belongs to one of the connections recognised by the program, a window appears informing of the causes that have prevented that joint from being designed.

Baseplates designed using the Joints I module

The Joints I. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections moduledesigns baseplates on footings, pile caps and slabs.

The Joints I module also designs the baseplate at the connection points of integrated 3D structures, if these are located on footings, pile caps, slabs or concrete columns or beams (in the case of these last two elements, they are designed if no other steel beams or steel bars of the integrated 3D structures connect at that node).

The properties of the designed baseplates include:

• Baseplate types: Baseplates for rolled steel and welded I sections are designed.
• Welds: Includes the analysis and design of the welds between the plate, stiffeners, column and bolts.
• Automatic match: Automatically matches all the baseplates of a job (bearing in mind the section type, forces and exterior fixities). This way, and without the user having to intervene, the number of different types of baseplates is reduced, hence obtaining more uniform results.
• 3D View with highlighted elements and welds: It is possible to obtain a 3D view on screen whereby the baseplate, column, stiffeners, bolts, factory welds and insitu welds are displayed in different colours, in a similar manner as to how joints are represented between I sections. This has been incorporated to help the user understand how the support is to be assembled.
• Baseplate layout: A layout diagram of the baseplate is generated in which the details of the designed welds and stiffeners are displayed. This layout diagram can be included in the job drawings.
• Takeoff and code check reports: Takeoff and code check reports are generated of baseplates that have been resolved. These are integrated with the rest of joints that have been designed.

More information on baseplate design can be found in the Baseplate section of Metal 3D.

• Baseplates designed using the Joints I module
• Baseplates designed using the baseplates module
• Design options for baseplates
• Baseplate checks

Joints report

Metal 3D and CYPECAD generate a joints report with the following data:

• Welded connections and specifications
• Code
• Materials
• Construction layout
• Checks
• References and symbols
• Baseplate checks
• Relationship of reported joints
• Calculations
• Construction detail of each type of joint
• Description of the components of each type of joint
• Check results of each type of connection
• Weld and plate take-off for each connection type
• Complete take-off of welds and plates of the designed joints

Joints drawings

The construction details of the joints designed by the program can form part of the drawings of the structure. The Joints drawings include the following elements:

• Construction detail of the joint
• Schedule with specifications of the welds in steel structures
• Code
• Materials
• Construction layout
• Checks
• Reference and symbols table
• Complete take-off of welds and plates of the designed joints

Other CYPECAD modules

• Concrete columns
• Concrete beams
• Steel columns
• Steel beams
• Joist floor slabs (generic concrete joists)
• In-situ, prefabricated and steel joist floors (Joist floor module required)
• Waffle slabs
• Flat slabs
• Composite slabs
• Hollow core slabs
• Shear walls
• Reinforced concrete walls
• Stairs
• Mat foundations and foundation beams
• Concrete block walls
• Pile caps (includes strap and tie beams)(*)
• Pad foundations (isolated and combined) (includes strap and tie beams)(*)
• Baseplates(*)
• Automatic job introduction
• Aluminium sections
• Timber sections
• Joints I. Welded. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections
• Joints II. Bolted. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections
• Joints III. Welded – Building frames with rolled and welded steel I sections
• Export to Tekla
• Export to TecnoMETAL
• Export to in CIS/2 format

(*) Common modules: Pile caps, Pad foundations and base plates are operative for both CYPECAD and METAL 3D.

Other Metal 3D modules

• Footings

Includes the analysis and design of reinforced or mass concrete footings. These can be square, rectangular, eccentric, corner or edge centred. This a common module for Metal 3D and CYPECAD.

• Pile Caps

Analyses and designs pile caps for multiple piles. A wide range of types are available. They may hold 1, 2, 3 and 4 piles; linear and rectangular pile caps for any number of piles; pentagonal pile caps for 5 and 6 piles, and hexagonal for 6 and 7 piles. Includes the analysis and design of strap and tie beams. It is a common module for Metal 3D and CYPECAD.

• Baseplates

Designs baseplates for any steel column arrangement (simple and composed sections). This a common module for Metal 3D and CYPECAD.

• Timber sections

Analyses and designs rectangular (constant or variable) and circular section bars. They may be composed of sawn wood (conifer and poplar species), sawn wood (frondescent species), homogenous glue laminated wood and combined glue laminated wood. It also carries out a fire resistance check.

• Joints I. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections

Analyses and designs welded connections of I sections according to CTE. DB SE-A code and Eurocode 3 of various types.

• Joints II. Bolted. Warehouses with rolled and welded steel I sections

Designed to carry out an automatic analysis and design of I section bolted connections using prestressed or ordinary bolts (non-prestressed) displayed in the Types of implemented bolted connections.

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